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Newton elaborated (or worked out) his own theory of gravitation.

In the second phase Kepler set up a theory for the longitudes of Mars.

When steel-making techniques were discovered ...

Several hardness scales have been developed.

This technique was developed (or devised, or worked out, or evolved) originally for metallurgy.

A tentative hypothesis was devised.

To draw up (or elaborate, or develop, or work out, or map) a plan (or a programme), ...

We formulate special compositions for ceramic bodies.

We are working up techniques for warm forging.

Источник: Русско-английский научно-технический словарь на Gufo.me