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• The experiment seemed to effectively rule out the alternative hypothesis.

• Experimental results argued against (or were at variance with) this conclusion.

• This finding demolished (or toppled) the boundwater hypothesis in its original form.

• This invalidates the assumption of constant fluid density.

• The discovery of radioactivity in 1896 dispelled the belief that all atoms are permanent and immutable.

• This refutes the assumption that rivers flowing through the more arid regions carry the most salt.