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At very low temperatures no electrons will be excited from the valence to the conduction band because of the lack of thermal energy.

The dearth of the technological personnel ...

A deficit of electrons ...

Drilling was discontinued because of lack (or shortage, or scarcity) of adequate equipment.

For lack of new equipment we have to use old machines.

Источник: Русско-английский научно-технический словарь на Gufo.me