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• Populations fluctuate in size.

• The temperature fluctuates.

• The pointer oscillates with respect to the centre of the scale.

• The atoms oscillate (or vibrate).

• The prices vary (or fluctuate).

• The conveyor vibrates.

• In the steady state, c oscillates (or fluctuates, or varies) between upper and lower limiting values.

• The controlled variable will oscillate forever about the desired steady-state value.